Understanding Down Syndrome
Knowledge builds kindness. Let's learn together!
What is Down Syndrome?
Down Syndrome (also called Trisomy 21) is a naturally occurring chromosomal condition. Most people are born with 46 chromosomes, but people with Down Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21 — that's 47 chromosomes total!
This extra chromosome affects how a person's body and brain develop, but every person with Down Syndrome is unique — with their own talents, abilities, and personality.
1 in 700
babies in the U.S. is born with Down Syndrome
400,000+
people in the U.S. are living with Down Syndrome
60+ Years
average life expectancy, up from 25 in 1983
March 21
World Down Syndrome Day — 3/21 for 3 copies of chromosome 21
Myths vs. Reality
Let's clear up some common misconceptions about Down Syndrome.
People with Down Syndrome can't learn or go to school.
People with Down Syndrome attend school, learn to read and write, and many go on to college and careers!
People with Down Syndrome are always happy.
People with Down Syndrome experience the full range of emotions — joy, sadness, frustration, excitement — just like everyone else.
Down Syndrome is a disease that needs to be cured.
Down Syndrome is a naturally occurring chromosomal condition, not a disease. People with DS live full, rich, meaningful lives.
People with Down Syndrome can't live independently.
Many adults with Down Syndrome live independently or semi-independently, hold jobs, volunteer, and are active members of their communities.
People with Down Syndrome can't have real friendships or relationships.
People with Down Syndrome form deep, genuine friendships and relationships. They love, care for others, and are incredible friends!
How to Be a Good Friend
Simple ways to be kind and inclusive to people with Down Syndrome.
Use person-first language. Say "a person with Down Syndrome" rather than "a Down Syndrome person." The person always comes first!
Be patient and kind. Some things might take a little longer, and that's totally okay. Patience is one of the best gifts you can give.
Communicate in all kinds of ways. Some people with Down Syndrome are non-verbal — but they understand everything you say! They may use sign language, gestures, or other tools to communicate. Pay attention, be patient, and you'll connect just fine.
Include everyone. Invite them to play, sit together at lunch, or join your group. Everyone deserves to belong.
Focus on what they CAN do. People with Down Syndrome have amazing strengths and talents. Celebrate those!
Stand up against bullying. If you see someone being unkind, speak up. Being a good friend means being a good ally.
Just be yourself! The best friendships are built on being real. Be genuine, have fun, and enjoy spending time together.
Helpful Resources
Want to learn even more? Check out these trusted organizations.